Transportation system.



J. S. WILLIAMS.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. ArrLwAnon-nunnno a, 19061 Patented Jan. 14,1913

'] SHEETS-SHEET 1.

J. S. WILLIAMS. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. APPLICATION nun) me. a, 1906.

Patented Jar 1J4, 1913.

[ 7 SHEETS-SHEET 2. Q

J. S. WILLIAMS.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. APPLICATION FILED 9508,1906.

Patented Jan. 14, 1913.

I SHEETS-SHEET 3.

J. S. WILLIAMS.

Y TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED DBO. 8 X906.

Patented Jan. 14, 1913.

7 SERIES-SHEET 4.

J. S. WILLIAMS.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.

APPLIOATION FILED no. a, 1906,

1,050,320, Patented Jan. 14, 1913.

7 SHEBTS-BEEET 5.

J. S. WILLIAMS. TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM. APPLICATION r1121) 1120.8, 1906.

1,050,320. Patented Jan.14,1913.

7 SHEETFSHEET 6.

5198 ha no J. S. WILLIAMS.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.

APPLICATION FILED mac. s, 1906 Patented Jan. 14, 1913.

7 SHEETSSHEET 7.

4 construct ion of a JOSEPH s. WILLIAMS, 01- RIVERTON, NEW JERSEY.

TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM.

Application filed December 8, 1906.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented Jan. 14, 1913.

Serial No. 346.891.

To all 'ielwm, it may concern Be it known that l, Josicrn S. humans, acitizen of the United States, residing at Riverton, in the county ofBurlington, State of New Jersey. have invented a new and usefulTransportation System, of which the following is a specification.

My present invention consists of a novel tra usport at ion systemcomprising subway and sulmqueous lines which are connected in a waterproof union with each other, and are provided with definite' andreliable standards of reinforced construction having reliable standardsof bridging capacity and resistance to leakage and pressure, wherebypassengers and freight may be conveyed with absolute safety to subwayline parts of the system into tratlic connection with railways, trolleylines and road ways on opposite sides of the water way. i

It further consists in a noveltransporta- 'tion .system wherein thefoundation'lnal is reinforced throughout its length to definitestandards, such bed being. further reinforced on bridging unit sectionlines, thereby adapting the same to receive a tunnel construction havingbridging capacity in each unit'lengt-h thereof sufficient to support themaximum trallic.

It further consists of a-novcl. transportation system wherein acontinuity of water proofing, bridging and reinforcing elements isobtained from one end of the system to the other.

It further consists in a novel transportation system wherein a workingchart is established above the trafiic line which definesthe'excavating, bridging, grading and balstood that the variousinstrumentalities of which my, invention consists can be variouslyarranged and organized and that my invention is not limited to the exactarrangementand organization of these instrumentalities as herein setforth.

Figure 1 represents a plan view of a multiple line transportathm systemembodying my invention. Fig. 2 represents a sectional elevation of thesvstem shown in Fig; 1. Fig 3 represents a 'side elevation pa'rtly insection, of a portion of the system under construction. Fig. atrepresents an end elevation of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 represents a perspectiveview showing, in section, one of the lap joint unions. Fig. 6 representsa perspective view of one of the alined piers and certain of itsadjuncts. Fig. 7 represents a perspective view of one tunnel section asplaced and another as being lowered to placement, with certain of theiradjuncts. F ig. 8 represents a perspective view of multiple tunnelstructures, certain of the parts being shown in section. a perspectiveview of a portion of a multiple tunnel structure, partly broken away inorder to more clearly show the construct-ion thereof.

Similar numerals of reference indicate corresponding parts in thefigures. 1

Referring to the drawings :'in order to more clearly set forth theconstruction of my novel transportation system Iwill, in the detaildescription thereof, in so far as is practical, follow out the differentsteps of construction in the logical sequence in which they take place.

The working chart.()ne of the! novel features of my construction is theestablish- Fig. 9 represents ment of a visible working chart above the 4water line, in the. present instance such chart being shown as locatedon platforms 7 car ried by the side pilings 5. The exact center line ofthe system is designated by 1, and 3-3 designate thc wid h of the tunnelcon- 'struction and otherwise the linesfor defining and establishing aminimum width of the line of the tunnel grade. desig mate a proximatealining lines equidistant from tto longitudinal center line 1 and uponwhich side pilings 55 are established to cap crate as approximateMining-members for' section of a bridging unit of tunnel constructionand the section lines 19 define the length of a bridging unit in atunnel section or the ends of a tunnel section. 9 and 10 designatesection lines for the accurate placing of the tunnel sections. All ofthese sec tion lines and the other necessary lines to indicate the workto be performed are indicated on the platforms 7 or other suitable meansabove the water level.

. length of the tunnel line The dredged and excavated channel 16 may nowbe reinforced with pilings, 90 which are afterward capped with ballastof any desired material 91 to 'or in proximity to the tunnel grade line15.

At bridging; unit distances apart the foundation bed is reinforced bypiling the same and reinforcing the piling with ballast with or withoutmetal reinforcements therein, thereby forming grade line supports 2,which are seen most clearly in Figs. 3, 5 and 7 and the purpose of whichwillh'ereinafter a ear. The entire distance between the grade ine piers,2' may,. if desired, be equipped with pilings 9O capped with ballast,such as concrete or cement 91 to the grade line 15 or inprox'imitythereto, as will be understood by reference to Fig. 3. Thelength of a tunnel section will depend upon the number of bridging unitlengths in such section,

' and on certain of the grade line supports 2,

especially those at the ends of meeting tunnel sections when plat-"d, Iestablish a novel construction of piers 85 which will now be described.

T he piers 85.In order that the tunnel sections may be automaticallyalined when lowered to placement on the foundation bed and itsreinforcements, I establish at the ends of meeting tunnel sections andotherwise throughout the tunnel line, if desired, alining piers 85 whichare composed of the side walls 55,'on which the platforms 7 areestablished. The side walls 5 5 are reinforced by guiding standards 15.,the inner faces of which are inclined, as will be understood from Figs.4, G and 7. These approximate alining standards 18 register 'with theexact alining standards 17, the construction being such tlzzt'chambers54 are formed on eacl side of the pier 85. which communicate with thechannel 207 in the bottom of said piers. The'chambers 54 are preferablyprovided with metal elements 209 to encompass the meeting ends of tunnelsections with a sealing material, as ill be clearly described inconnection with the manner of sealing themeeting ends of tunnelsect-ions.

The tunnel sections.13 and 14 designate the tunnel sections as seen inFigs. 3 and 7.

One novel feo ture in the construction of the to the framework 210 inany suitable .man-' ner'and which extend in continuity throughwhich aresecured to the vertical out the tunnel construction after the sections Ihave been lowered in position and joined together. The bridgingframework 210 is embedded m reinforcing material 56, such as concrete orcement and enveloped by water proofing 57, as well as an inner lining'member 49, which, if desired, extends throughout the entire tunnel lineand is employed at the ends of each tunnel section. This lining member49 consists of a metal lining built up on the face of the knee braces31, on the vertical beams 24, and the top and floor beams 27 and 28respectively. Transversely disposed plates or beams 216 are shown at theupper and lower portions on the inner sides of the framing 210, as bestseen in Fig. 8 in order to reinforce the same against transverse strainsand these plates may form -a continuation of the inner lining member 49and be extended along the roof and floor-.

ing parts and along the face or faces of the vertically disposedelements of the framing 210, all of which are preferably water proofedwith a suitable unoxidizable material, such as pitch and asphaltum andembedded in pitch or asphalt'um, or a filling of concrete or cement 56may be employed which will completely. embed the metal elements.

' The waterproofing 57 is in union with the metal 58 within whichthe'elements of the framing 210 are embedded to and; flush with theinner surface of such framing elements,

along which another line of water proofing (A may be established, ifdesired, to encompass the tunnel way and be united with the waterproofing at the ends oftunnel sections as seen mostly clearly in Fig. 3as will be more fully described, Such water proofing 64 maybe reinforcedby metallic ele-' ments 74 embedded therein with the meet- 'iiig ends incontact or lapping each other'to any desired extent and arrangedlongitudinally, transversely or in any other 'desired direction. Thetunnel way' is built up with a filling'and reinforcing ballast ofmasoni'y of heat resisting material 73 in intimate contact therewith andextending there-' 0 lower'corners, see Figs. 8 and't), extending overand under the vertical outside framing and over'and under theintermediate longitudinal framing between the multiple tunnel ways 96 sothat the structural elements and reinforcements encompassing the tunnelwe 5 willbe sectionalized to prevent any lea age-spreading and thuslocalize the same to one section. Water proofing 63 and 57by which thetunnel way is encompassed 40 and by whichthc bridging framing 210 isprotected and reinforced is shown as being reinforced by an aperturedmetal member '217, best seen in Fig-8, so that the outer body of waterproofing 63 forms a unit with the inner water proofing 5'7 and otherwisea unit of reinforced water proofing and rein-- forcingsheathing inintimate contact and union with the material 56 and 65 in which themetal framing 210 is embedded. The 66 water proofing 57 is'in intimatecontact and union with the reinforcing material in which the metalframing 210 is embedded and this is reinforced by metal sheathing asdesignated by 218, anda wooden sheathing as to designated by 219, whichis covered by an outer layer of water proofing 63 of asphaltum, pitch orother suitable material, which is maintained in intimate contact andunion with the outer surface with or without bridging or lathing work toprovide for such results. The water proofing on the inner and outerparts in such cases is carried into union with the water proofing at theends of the structures through the me- 65 dium of the water proofing-andreinforcingunit 65, as will be best understood by reference to Fig. 9.In case of the waterproofing being reinforced with multiple h yers ofwooden planks or equivalent material 61, the water proofing may befurther reinforced by laycrs of water proofing (#2 between therespective layers of wood, see-the right hand portion of Fig. 8. Thefoundation portion of the transportable tunnel sections is provided withthe foundation strips 36 which serve to confine the ballast beneath thesections when placed, it being noted that the foundation part isprovided with hallasting ports 40 having water proof seals 48 adapted tobe driven out and also with water tight capped members 47, whereby theymay be capped subsequently to have the tunnel sections ballastcd intounion with the foundation bed and its reinforcements. It will be noticedthat the water proofing of the tunnel structure entirely 'surrounds theballasting ports. 46 so that there is no liabil ity of leakage at suchpoints.

Under one method of construction I build the sections '13 aitd-14 to aninner encompassing line, such as 64, and subsequently to the tunnelalineiiient, build up the same to the line with or without employingmetal reinforcements 74 or other reinforcing or lining metal elementsembedded in the filling material between the defining lines of (Stand70.

Between the defining lines 76 and 77 I have shown such'sace as providedwith a backing or filling o cement or concrete with reinforcing metal 78embedded therein between the lines of water proofing 64 and the line 70.The construction between the lines 77 and 79 is shown reinforced bymetal which is embedded in waterproofing and concrete. Between the lines79 and SO the construction is shown reinforced by material, eitherembetldcd therein or on the in-- er face thereof and with. a furthersupportmg and reinforcing part consisting of ccment, vitrified brick, orequivalent .inate- '.ria-l laid in cement or other desired material tothe inner facing line 70. Between the lines 80 and 70 the constructionis shown as provided with reinforcing material consist ing of expanded,woven or perforated metal or its equivalent 81, with such reinforcedsection fiirtihcr supported and reinforced by concrete, ccment or othersuitable material or masonry built up to the inner line 70.

At 82 Fig. 8 I have shown suitable arched or bended bars which may beemployed in said part with or without longitudinal elements. of likematerial therewith and be embedded with. a heat resisting materialemployed for filling to the inner line 70 around the tunnel passageway96 throughoutthe length of the unit or the section.

'Suchtransverse reinforcing bars 82 may be embedded to encompass thepassageway and if desired in conjunction with. longitudinal bars ofapertured .plate, sheet metal fabric or reinforcing elements may beembedded to the inner line of the tunnel way encompassing constructionbetween the inner face of theframing 210 or the line of water proofing64 to the inner line 70 thereof. The layers 201 and 202 of waterproofing will thus localize any leakage to the area of the sectionencompassed thereby. -The longitudinal layers 200 extend from thecotnstruction into union with the encompassing water proofing fillingand reinforcing unit 65 at the end of the sections. s

Metal reinforcing bars 203 extend longitudinally through theconstruction and are located in the concrete or otherreinforcingmaterial between the knee braces 31 and the inner metal lining member49. Simi- 2Q lar bars 204 are employed at the upper end of thestructure, such bars being embedded in the concrete between the, kneebraces 31 at the upper end of the structure and the metal line or frame.These metal cord 5 members 204 serve to overcome the lateral:

strain to which the tunnel structure is subjeeted when placed in'position on the pier grade line supports 2. The cords 203 and p 204 ofadjoining sections may be connected 0 or joined together by lappingelements in any suitable manner and be embedded in reinforcing materialso as to form continnous reinforcingelements embedded in eoncret-ethrough a series of unit lengths and 5 through the union of meeting endsof tunnel sections so as to provide a continuous reinforcementthroughout a definite section or throughout the entire length of thetunnel line. I y

205 designates metallic bars extending longitudinally along the flooringof the u per portion of the foundation or bed in t e outer portion ofthe .water proofing zone between the ballasting ports LG-and under 5 thelongitudinalgirders or cords'. with such bars embedded in water proofingin order to operate asan outer reinforced "water proof element in thefloor portion and to increase the bridging capacity and reinforcement ofthe foundation and bed.

It will now be apparent that the founda' tion parts of the water proofconstruction are provided with water proofing carried by the sides ofthe ballasting ports 46 to '55 a water tight capping member 47 and thatthe channel ways of the ports are closed by water proof cement seals 48,which prevent passa 8'01 water througu the tunnel way and t at such canbe driven out on the bed in order to ballast the same through the ports,and subsequently to the ballasting of 'the foundation through the ports,the cap 47 can be reinforced and water proofed and embedded in computerasphaltum to the inner line 70. The water proofing 64 may be establishedon the flooring andpreferably so'as to envelo and cap the'eappmgmeinbers 47 of-the' allasting p'orts ffi and'such water proofingis reinforced with an inner lining element of cement, concreteloijce 0ment masonry with or withoutm'etal reinforcements'but I preferably embedtherein such reinforcements. The foundation parts 36 not only serve toformballasting compartments but, also tensile reinforcing (ale-L mentsencompassing the area of thelbed of construction. It is practicable toemploy any desired depth of construction in the parts 36 to securegreatefreinforcement on longitudinal and' transverse lines in thefoundationfbed and otherwise to provide any desired depth in thecompartments be low the tunnel way construction. The seq; tions arepreferably provided, with plate forms 206exten ding t roughoutthetunnel'" line on o posite. sldesfdf the tracks. 55 Tl1e 'foun(i2 1tionortion of the, tunnel'secv tion; is provid with the drainage conduits215' whichextend' from one end of the tunnel end to the other andcommunicate with the drainage wells 21, thelatter being seen in Fig.- 2,.-said wells forming a water proof chamber in the foundation bed I orwithin one of the piers and being joined in waterproof union with thecon duits 215. The ends'of each section are provided with bulk headsQhaving 1.'-'fovable-doors '89. and each tunnel sectilgis provided withan air shaft 75 which will ex'- tures are located on thedei iidationbed? The locating of tunnel sections on the foundation bed and unitingthe meeting sections.--The'tunnel sections can constructed incofferda-mor dry dock chambers, whereby such sections may be trans jrted bsuitable detachable floatable an ,Slllk? able vessels into position andalinement along the graded, ballasted and. reinforced foundation bed. Ifthe vessel shall be de: tachabletherefrom such reinforced-bed may thenbe equipped with the tunnel way .eon-. struction which can be accuratelyalined along such bed and be ballasted, into rei1 r+ forced uniontherewith. In cases where it 5 is not practical to convey by waterthetunnel sections, as will be the ca' e where subway lines extend intocities or occupied places or where the construction is to be-estendabove the water level when the structablishcd under water along ahorizontal 320 plane orwhere the construction is to be i laid down underthe present methods of excavating and constructing tunnels, a continuousfoundation bedhaving' bridging capacity in each unit length thereof canbe established along the graded and alined bed and the tunnelconstruction built up and ballasted into union therewith in any suitablemanner to establish definite standards of bridging capacity per unitlength in con- 1 c tinuity throughout the system, but suchaliuementalong the graded and alined bed and in continuous ballasted unlontherewith.

- tionbed, the ends of the sections will rest on alining piers 85, theguide bars 12 carried by a tunnel section co-acting with the guides 11l1and the co-acting elements 41 and 42 of the joining structuresinterlocking with each other and the jaws 35 also serve to accuratelybring the two tunnel sec tions into proper alinement, so that thefoundation part rests on the grade line supports 2. As the tunnelsection is lowered to place it will be seated upon the foundation bedlll accurate ahnement, owing to the employment of the approximate guides18 and the exact guides 17. The chambers54 and the channel 207 are nowfilled with concrete or cement and a box or cradle GSis placed above themeeting ends of the tunnel section and filled with concrete or cementwith or without metallic elements '209 embedded therein so that themeeting ends'of adjoinmg sections are encompassed by a water .proof sealof concrete or cement reinforcedto any desired standard by metalelements embedded therein such as the bars 209. The bulk heads to maynow be broken down, if desired, and the tunnelsections placed under airpressure and the lap joint union of the meeting structures is formed,the

Cords 22, 23, 83 and 84 being joined together by lapping cords 97 and 98and a union is made of the cord elements 203 and 204 and the other cordelements and the end plates 39 are united together. If desired the lap-In case the continuous metal sheathing on the-outside or the liningmember 49 is employed combined with the cords 22, 23, 84,

97 and 9S and the tunnel way encompassing bridging tralning 210, abridging construction will be provided in the sides of the structure andbetween the multiple tunnel way structures, including trussed plategirders having upper and lower cords 22, 23, 83

and 84 with the flooring and roofing elements combined therewith,reinforced byknee brackets3l and embedded in reinforcing material 56 and57 in which additional reinforcing elements may be embedded in theupperand lower parts of the structure in the space confined by the kneebrackets 31 and otherwise on the inner face of the tram ing 210, wherebyany desired standards of reinforcement against lateral as well asvertical strain may be obtained. The unit of water proofing at the endsof the meeting sections is connectdfrom the top, of the flooring partsof the construction through or along the sides of the intermediategirder of the multiple tunnel way by embedding the metal in waterproofing or otherwise by extending a layer of water proofing 64 on oneor both sides of' such intermediate girder fromthe water proofing in theroof to the water proofing in the foundation part. The inner lining 4})is backed by the water proofing 65 which is in intimate and water tightunion therewith. The water proofing 65 is also shown in water proofunion with the: water proofing 67 shown as egttendin over.

the inner surface of and embedding t e inner lining member 49 from onesectionto the other. The water proofing 67 is embedded in reinforcingmaterial or reinforced. by heat resisting material tothe line 7Q,

whereby eontinuity'of water proofing and reinforcements and of thebridging elements 210 .is established for any given length of tunnel Wayand if desired throughoutcthe -with'the foundation bed and itsreinforcements.- This ballasting may be carried out wholly. or partiallythrough the' ballasting ports/16, it being apparent that when thescaly-48, have been removed, the material such as grotlting,cement orconcrete may be passed through such ports so as to completely fill thecompartments formed by the .100 length of the subaqueous tunnelconstruction foundation members 36 on the'foundation .7 dwhen beinglowered to placement: The bal-' crete reinforced with metallic elementsto the inner line of the tunnel way, as hereinbefore explained.

If desired, pilings 90 may be driven through the ballasting ports inorder to reinforce the foundation bed to any desired standard ofresistance. The side pilings 55 are now out off at a desired heightabove the tunnel. The space betweentheside pilings and the tunnelsections isnow filled with ballast from the 'vessels 93, which latterare also preferably rovided with the cables 92 which support t e tunnelsections last may be tamped by any desired means and the tunnel Sectionscompletely embedded and ballasted. to any desired depth. Shoreconnections and u/nion of the traffic lines therewith.--At the shoreends of the tunnel line I preferably-establish a novel construction ofpiers or docks 20 or otherwise at desired. points' throughout .thetunnel line, such docks or piers having water proof reinforcedencompassing. walk 1O1 extending from the water proof reinforcedflooring 105 to a 'safe distance above the water line so that the waterproof chambers of such structures may first serve for the laying andconstructing of the transportable tunnel section and, afterward assubwater line passageways inforder to 'pro-. vide other lines of passa ethrough the subway and subaqueous tra clines ofthe system. The dockstructure 20 is provided with a water proofing 119 which extends entirelyaroundthe structureand. into union with ::the intermediateflooring 128, the wharf flooring 106and the metal framing 125, whichlatter is embedded inconcrete or some suitable water proofing' Thefoundation of the dock structure 20 is reinforced by piling cap ed withconcrete or other ballast so that suc flooringlwill. have the samesupporting capacity as the foundation bed of the tunnel line. Thesubwater line chamher of the dock 20 is provided with a s stem of sidetracks 214 and cross over roa s 213 in connection with the .otherlinesof tracks 87, which are shown extending through the connectidn toopposite shores and-into subwater line subway 143 to connect with theshore transportation systems. The snbwater line 143 is provid"i withwater proofing in reinforced construction and united to the waterproofing 1190f the dock 20, it being seen in Fig. 1 that'a; line ofwater proofing 137 encompasses the" subway construction and occupies allthe space between such construction and the vert-icalareinforccd wallsof the dock structure 20.

The subway 113 consists of a water proof reinforced construction withits'vater roofing.elcmnts 144 extending ,in c ontlnuity and encompassingthe passageway and 1e dntion -bcd inforced by an intcrmediate'innerclement n( i of construction which is..established in reinforced unionwith tlr. outer eleinentand .such construction is united in water proofllIll0I1 with the dock structure 20. The sub- :119 and the innerconstruction 125, togetherwith the foundation which extends to a desireddepth,- insure the stability of the tunnel structure. The area ofconstruction encompassed by .the wall 107is excavated to a.linebelow thetunnel and subway grade and is rein orced by pilings 114 capped withballast or ballast masonry 117, which. ex

tends over the entire floor area and'joins ,with the water proofing 119,which covers the entire inner face of thewalt 107 -and extendsinto-union with the-water proofing 119 of the wharf floor 106. Thetunnel;

grade floor 105 is reinforced by a balla'sted erabl provided withgirders .or reinforced meta orframingembe'dded {in aspha'ltum' or waterproof material, which united with the water proofing on the innerface ofthe walls. 107. The inner framing- 125 is embedded in water proofedballast cr 'co n-l crete. ballast '01 cement masonryaf ter. first beingpreferably coated with a water proof.-

covering suitably water proofed and prefing material which will preservethe metal against any possibility of oxidiaation; -Thg subway lines 143may be built by driying and an 'o'peningcut or by 'driv.--

side'p'llin h v ing a shie d frorn'thechamlier of the wharf structure29, but whatever method shall be employed it is necessary to providereliable standards of; resistange against' leakage, breakage anduncertainty constraition. "5

l The dock structures may )royided with drainage wells 2l conslruc er ina similar manner to the drainage wells in the foun;

l v the tunnel line, it being understood the these wells communicatewith the conduits 215, seen in Fig. 8. 'The transportable sections "ofwe tnn 'el muy he bluilt up in the 'subwaite'r, lin chambers of he (look20, in colfer-d'am. cr'i'n' any other suitable places, and maybe'proylded with the requisite standards offloatabil-ity either in thestructures themselves. or by equipping" the same with huoyantfvesselswhich are equip 'ed with any suitable means to vary their uoyancy,whereby the structures may be located in perfect control into alinementon the foundation bed. By constructing tunnel sections independently ofthe tunnel system it is practicable to have such sections ready for thecompletion of lhe entire line vby the time the water bed shall bedredged,

graded and equipped with reinforcemerits. By Such methods any 'part orall parts-of the system may be in the course of construction atthe sametime and when the transportable sections are completed they can be veryrapidly placed in accurate alinement.and water tightunionon thefoundation bed.

.The longitudinal bridging elements of construction may have a bridgingunit volume of ten feet, more or less, for a. maximum load, but I preferto reinforce the construction with longitudinal bridging unit elementshaving a bridging unit volume equal to or exceeding thelength of thewheel base of at least one and preferably two'in series of the heaviestloaded engines or vehicles and the load carried thereby. With a bridgunit. of one hundred feet in length and twenty two feet in height with acapacity of three tons per lineal foot, suitablysupported at the ends,such unit would operate as a bridging unit. of construction with atraffic load bridging volume of three hupdred tons while such unit ofconstruction In its reinforced union with the foundation bed 5 22 feetby one hundred feet, will have a bridging load supporting capacity oftwenty two hundred square feet with a' load sup- .porting volume of atleast twenty two hundred tonsper unit of construction. In a continuousbridging and reinforcing foundatiqn bed with such a standard unit ofconstruct-ion the unit under operative tratlic conditions will alwayshave a cooperative unit of like capacity as an addition there-' from inadvance and back of the load. not

onlyv throughout an extended areacf resistance bed butof the bed inadvance and back of the load and in continuity throughout the tunnelconstruction.

I have shown and described the structures and means by which subaqueoustunnels can be established with reliable standards of'capacity andconstruction and by which an absolute continuity of the bridgingconstruction and reinforcements may be established from shore to shoreor to my novel wharf structures but the exact construction or plans ofprocedure may vary greatly in actual practice.

It will nowbe apparent that I have devised a. novel and usefultransportation system which embodies the. features of advantageenumerated as desirable in the fore- .going and while I have in thepresent iristance shown and described one embodiment 'thereof which willgive satisfactory and reliable results it is to be understood that thesame is susceptible of modification in vari-' ous particulars withoutdeparting'from the spirit and scope of the invention'or sacrificing anyof its advantages.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:-'-

i with the foundation bed thereunder.

.a subway in water 1. 'A transportation system consisting of shoreterminals in water tight union with a' bridging tunnel constructionhaving bridging capacity in each umit length thereof, reinforced in itsinner face bya series of cords embedded in water proofing and concrete.and united with the shore terminals, the tunnelstructures beingballastedinto union with the foundation bed thereunder.

2. A transportation system, consisting of shore terminals in water tightunion with a. subwater line tunnel having a bridgin construction ineachnnit length thereo 'embedded in concrete and water roofing materialand'having its inner face liuilt u with metal joined in continuit andembed ed in concrete and water proo ng'material to the inner tunnel lineand having its outer face embedded inballast, and the bottom of thetunnel construction ballasted. into union 3. A transportation systemconsisting of an excavated, graded and ballasted foundation bed equippedwith side pilings or walls a tunnel having bridging construction in eachunit length thereof embedded inconcrete and water proofing material,such tunnel construction being. ballasted into union with the ballastcdbed and the side walls and embeddedto cover,'and shore terminals inwater tight union with said tunneL.

LA transportation system consisting of a wharf structure having a wharffloor connected with a surface roadway system and having a subwater linechamber, a. subway 11 0 line in water proof union with-such cliam her,and a subaqueous tunnel in water proof union with said chamber. 4

A transportation system consisting of a wharf structure having a waterproof 105 chamber extending below the water line, and proof connectionwith such chamber.

6. A transportation system consisting of wharf structures on oppositeshores of a water way having water roof chambers extending below thewater ine,-'a subaque-' ous tunnel construction having water proofconnection with such chambers, and conduits for draining and removingliquids from the subwater line system.

7. A transportation system including wharf-structures having water proofchum: bers extending below the water line, a sub aqueous tunnel in waterproof connection with such (.lltllhl)tl$.illld extending therethrough,drainage channels in the tunnels, drainage wells in the foundation bedcommunicating with such channels, and conduits for withdrawing waterfrom such channels. v 8. A transportation system consisting-'0! shoreconnections having subwater line water proof chambers, a 'subaqueoustunnel in water proof connection with such chain "1:0

bers, said tunnel consisting of a bridgin lasted into union with afoundationbed, and

reinforced by pilings and ballast to bridging capacity in each unitlength thereof.

9. A transportation system, including a wharf structure having a waterproof chamber' extending below the water line, and a subaqueous tunneljoinedin water proof union therewith, said tunnel'bein rovided with acontinuity of cords throng lout its length embedded-in concrete andreinforc- '.in g material and having a bridging construction n each unitlength thereof, and

the tunnelbeing ballasted' into union with a graded and resistancealining foundation bed thereunder.

10. A transportation system, consisting of shore connections and asubaqueous tunnel in water proof union therewith, the tunnel consisting;of a bridging construction hav-.

ingnpperand lower cord members extend- 1ng in continuitythroughout theconstruction, and the tunnel bemg unitedin min forced union 'with itsfoundation bed 11. A transportation system, consisting of shoreconnections in water proof union with a subaqueous tunnel, said tunnelhaving a bridging framin provided with upper and-.' lower. cord mem ers,reinforced with corner knee brackets on the sides of the tunnel way tothe roof and, floor, the cord mem- ,bers and the bracketsbeing embeddedin concrete and water proofing material.

12. A transportation system, consisting of shore terminals-in waterproof union with a tunnel, having a bridging; framing with theroofingand fiooringtparts of such framing, reinforced between the passagewaysby longitudinal bridging girders and braces from the roof and floortoboth sides thereof, such framing girders and braces being embeddedinconcrete and water proofin material and the tunnel being ballastedinto union with its bed.

13. A transportation system; consisting of' i is in rein orced unionwith the foundation bed. 7

14. A transportation system, consisting of shore connections in waterproof union with r a tunnel, the tunnel having a continuous Atransportation system, consisting of foundation ,bed,

an outer casing'member which 0 g shore connections in water proof unionwith construction in each unit length thereof, bal-,

-of the structure and joined with the transverse roof and flooringmembers reinforced by braces and embedded in concrete and re-vin'forcing material, the girders being encompassed by a sheathingelement embedded in water proofing and ballasted into union with thefoundation bed. i

16. A transportation system, consisting of shore connections in waterproof union with a subaqueous tunnel, consisting of a bridging framingembedded in concrete and water proofing material and having a girderelement intermediate the sides thereof and united with the roofing andflooring framing to. form a pluralit of passageways, the tunnel beingballaste into union with its 17. A transportation system, consisting-ofshore'connections in waterproof union with a subaqueous tunnel, saidtunnel way. having a central girder member in water proof union with theroofing and flooring of the 'tunnel and forming multiple tunnel waysprovided with side walks, and the tunnel being ballasted into reinforcedunionwith itsbed.

18. A transportation system, consisting of shore connections in waterproof union with a subaqueous tunnel having multip l e; tun-,, nel waysencompassed by a bridging frain-f ing having upper and lower cordsembedded in concrete and water proofing material, and extendinginlcontinuity throughout the tunnel line, the tunnel being balla'stedthrough-.. outits entire length into union with its foundation bed. a 5

19. A transportation system including, shore connections having a.-subwvater line water proof chamber provided with i-a-foundationreinforced to bridging capacity, anda subaqueous tunnel united in waterproof union with such chamber. v

20. A transportation system including wharf structures each having awater proof chamber extending below the water line provided withintereommunicating tracks, a subway line in water proof union with saidchamber, and a tunnel in water proof union with said chamber. 21. Atranspo rtation system consisting of" 'S Q ore connections having afloor above the water line connected with a surface roadway system, andhaving a sub water line chamber, a subway line in water proof union withsuch chamber,and a tunnel having a bridging construction united withsaid chamber and supported on piers at prcde termined distances apartand ballasted into union with the bedbctween said piers.

22. A transportation system consisting of shore connections .having' asub water line chamber, a tunnel-bed reinforced throughunited with sa dbed and connected in waout its length and a tunnel construction tertight unioh with said sub water line -chamber.

determined distances apart and reinforced intermediate said piers, atunnel construction carried b said bed and united with said iers an thereinforced construction there tween to form a unit of structure, saidtunnel being connected in water proof .union with one of the water proofchambers of the shore connections.

24. A transportation system consistin of shore connections having subwater 'ne 4 chambers provided with crossover tracks,

'-tion with the crossover tracks, and a tunnel line in water proof unionwith said chambers.

25. A trans ortation system consisting of shore termina s in water proofunion with a tunnel, the tunnel having cords extending therethrough andanchored to said termlnals.

26. A transportation system consisting of shore terminals in water proofunion with a bridging construction embedded in concrete and waterproofing material and ballasted into union with the bed of a waterway.

27. A transportation system consisting of shore terminals built ofstructural metal embedded in a layer of waterproof material andconcrete, and a tunnel of structural metal embedded in a layer ofwaterproof material and concrete, the tunnel layer of waterproof beingin union with the layer of waterproof of the shore terminals and thestructural metal of the tunnel being connected with the structural metalof the shore terminals. Y

' J OS. S. WILLIAMS. Witnesses:

JOHN A. WIEDERSHEIM,

, WM. OANER Wmonasnm.

